Wednesday, December 14, 2011

Conditional Statements



Conditional Statements
        If something, then something: p à q, p is called the hypothesis and q is called the conclusion
        The only combination of circumstances in which a conditional sentence is false is when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false
        A conditional statements is called vacuously true or true by default when its hypothesis is false
        Among Ù, Ú, ~ and à operations, à has the lowest priority
        Write truth table for: p Ù q à ~p
        Show that (p Ú q) à r = (p à r) Ù (q à r)
        Representation of à: p à q = ~p Ú q
        Re-write using if-else: Either you get in class on time, or you risk missing some material
        Negation of à: ~(p à q) = p Ù ~q
        Write negation for: If it is raining, then I cannot go to the beach
        Contrapositive p à q is another conditional statement ~q à ~p
        A conditional statement is equivalent to its contrapositive
        The converse of p à q is q à p
        The inverse of p à q is ~p à ~q
        Conditional statement and its converse are not equivalent
        Conditional statement and its inverse are not equivalent
        The converse and the inverse of a conditional statement are equivalent to each other
        p only if q means ~q à ~p, or p à q
        Biconditional of p and q means “p if and only if q” and is denoted as p « q
        r is a sufficient condition for s means “if r then s”
        r is a necessary condition for s means “if not r then not s”

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